What is the primary function of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)?

The primary function of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is to shut off electric power when it detects a ground fault to prevent shock. A ground fault occurs when electricity finds an unintended path to the ground, which can often happen due to faults in appliances, tools, or wiring.

The GFCI monitors the current flowing through the hot and neutral wires. If it detects a difference in the current, indicating that some of the electricity is leaking to the ground (a ground fault), it quickly interrupts the circuit, cutting off power. This rapid response reduces the risk of electric shock, making GFCIs particularly crucial in wet or humid areas, such as bathrooms or kitchens, where the likelihood of accidental contact with water is higher.

While preventing electrical fires and regulating voltage levels are important aspects of electrical safety, they do not represent the specific function of a GFCI. GFCIs are uniquely designed to provide shock protection, underscoring the critical role they play in enhancing safety in electrical systems.